Paku Alam I

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Paku Alam I

Puro Pakualaman is the most recent of the four Central Java kratons. Like the Mangkunegaran sub-region in Solo which was established by a junior line of the Paku Buwono dynasty, the Pakualaman is a separate principality within the territory of Yogyakarta, independent yet acknowledging the seniority of the principal kraton of Yogyakarta Hadiningrat.

The British colonial authorities had a major hand in the events which led up to the establishment of Puro Pakulaman. The brief period of British rule in the East Indies (1811-1815) occurred at a time when resistance to the colonial presence was fomenting in the courts of both Yogyakarta and Surakarta. Hoping to weaken the power of the Kraton Yogyakarta, the British Governor, Thomas Stanford Raffles, capitalised on a succession struggle between Hamengku Buwono II, a leader of the anti-colonial movement, and his son, Hamengku Buwono III. Raffles attacked the Kraton Yogyakarta, ousted Hamengku Buwono II and reinstated Hamengku Buwono III, with the aid of the Sultans uncle, Prince Noto Kusumo. In return for Prince Noto Kusumos help and to lessen the dominance of the Hamengku Buwono court, in 1813 Raffles created a subsidiary principality in Yogyakarta and installed Prince Noto Kusumo as its ruler, under the title Sri Paduka Paku Alam I.

Paku Alam I established his court a short way to the east of the Kraton Yogyakarta. Like the Puro Mangkunegaran in Solo, Puro Pakualaman faces south in symbolic obeisance to the principal kraton. Like the other three palaces, it takes the form of a compound sur¬rounded by a high, thick wall. In addition to the kraton site and landholdings, Paku Alam I was given a monthly stipend in order to establish and maintain a military guard, under the auspices of the British. The soldiers drilling ground, the alun alun, is situated outside the main kraton wall and is open to the street. It is used as a public playing field and marketplace; the bustling activity outside the kraton creates a striking contrast to the hushed serenity within.

Before his accession as an inde¬pendent ruler, Paku Alam I had been a driving force in the artistic life of the Kraton Yogyakarta. He studied litera¬ture and the arts under Hamengku Buwono I and is acknowledged as one of the founding fathers of the Yogya¬karta style in kraton culture. He was also an expert in politics and law. When he established his own court, Paku Alam I initiated a new phase of cultural development, personally instructing the princes and princesses in science and state administration, while bringing in other teachers of religion and literature. Paku Alam Is interest in and patronage of culture, education and the arts laid the basis for the subsequent develop¬ment of the Pakualaman style in court ceremony and the performing arts, particularly dance.

Puro Pakualaman is currently occupied by the elderly Paku Alam VIII, present Governor of Yogyakarta. The kraton is divided into three parts, arranged one behind the other. Only the first divi-sion, consisting of the main Pendopo, called Bangsal Sewotomo, the exterior garden and the administration wings, are open to the public. To the right of the Pendopo is a quaint, gabled pavilion decorated with intricate wooden lattice¬work in the style of a European summer house, set in its own ornamental garden. Located in the former carriage house just inside the main gate of the kraton is a small museum including military uniforms, dance costumes, wayang puppets, gamelans and portraits of the earlier Paku Alam rulers. In a separate room are the royal carriages, including a particularly fine example, recently restored, which was presented to Paku Alam I in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raflles.

According to Bratadiningrat (1990), genealogy of Paku Alam I : B.R.M. Sujadi, punika putra dalem Hingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Sultan I ing Ngayogyakarta. Mios from garwa ampeyan R.Ay. Srenggoro. Lajeng kajumenengaken KGPAA Paku alam I. Ing dinten Rebo Legi 14 Mulud Ehe 1740. Mangsa Kasanga Wuku Mandhasia Windu Adi, utawi 17 Maret 1813. Wiosandalem: Rebo Wage malem Kemis Kliwon. 18 Puasa Jimakir 1689 Mangsa Kasanga Wuku Mandhasia Windu Sangara utawi 21 Maret 1764. Mios wonten Kraton Ngayogyakarta.

Surud dalem : 

Saptu Paing 11 Jumadilakir Jimawal 1757 Mangsa Kanem Wuku Marakeh Windu Sangara utawi 19 Desember 1829. 

Sumare wonten Astana Agung Kota Gedhe. Garwa Padmi, putri Adipati Magetan R. Adipati Purwaningrat. Putra-putri sadaya:

1. KGPAA Paku Alam II

2. K.P.H. Notokusumo II

3. B.R.Ay. Kartowinoto

4. B.R.Ay. Jayeng Kusumo

5. B.R.Ay. Juminah

6. B.R.Ay. Notoprono

7. B.R.Ay. Sosrokusumo

8. B.R.Ay. Jayangirawan

9. K.P.H. Suryaningprang I

10. K.P.H. Suryengjurit

11. K.P.H. Suryomiseno

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